Collection
Drugs: the complete collection

All Effectiveness Bank analyses to date of documents related to use and problem use of illegal drugs starting with the analyses most recently added or updated, totalling today 815 documents.

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DOCUMENT 2011 HTM file
Buprenorphine/naloxone for opioid dependence: clinical practice guideline

Handford C. et al.
[Ontario, Canada] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 2011.
Though tailored for Canada, these guidelines from an internationally respected centre offer valuable guidance to clinicians in Britain and elsewhere on a form of the main alternative to methadone for the maintenance treatment of addiction to heroin and allied drugs, one whose greater safety counterbalances greater cost.

STUDY 2010 HTM file
Improving lifestyle and risk perception through patient involvement in nurse-led cardiovascular risk management: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in primary care

Koelewijn-van Loon M.S., van der Weijden T., Ronda G. et al.
Preventive Medicine: 2010, 50, p. 35–44.
Dutch general practice patients at risk of cardiovascular disease did not further reduce their risks (including drinking and smoking) in response to motivational counselling from the practice nurse. Why did a well worked out, multi-session intervention fail to better usual care? The probable answer is among the common factors which transcend therapies.

STUDY 2011 HTM file
Community reinforcement approach (CRA) for cocaine dependence in the Spanish public health system: 1 year outcome

Secades-Villa R., Sánchez-Hervás E., Zacarés-Romaguera F. et al.
Drug and Alcohol Review: 2011, 30, p. 606–612.
Emerging from its US home, the community reinforcement approach aiming to rearrange a patient's life outside the clinic to reinforce abstinence has been trialled for cocaine users at a Spanish drug treatment centre. Though therapeutic contact was equalised, patients did better than in standard treatment based on cognitive-behavioural principles.

REVIEW 2011 HTM file
Substitution treatment of injecting opioid users for prevention of HIV infection

Gowing L., Farrell M., Bornemann R. et al.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: 2011, Issue 8, Art. No.: CD004145.
Updated review conducted for the respected Cochrane collaboration finds that methadone maintenance and allied treatments for opioid dependence consistently and significantly reduce the risk of transmission of blood-borne viruses and curb the spread of HIV.

STUDY 2010 HTM file
Are effects from a brief multiple behavior intervention for college students sustained over time?

Werch C.E., Moore M.J., Bian H. et al.
Preventive Medicine: 2010, 50, p. 30–34.
At a US university students at first cut back their drinking and cannabis use in response to a brief face-to-face fitness consultation, but the gains were no longer apparent a year after intervention. Yet still at that time they had at least experienced more positive trends in how they felt than students who had just read a fitness brochure.

STUDY 2010 HTM file
A brief image-based prevention intervention for adolescents

Werch C.E., Bian H., Moore M.J., et al.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors: 2010, 24(1), p. 170–175.
Across the sample, a brief face-to-face consultation highlighting how substance use might stop them becoming the sort of young adults they wanted to be generally did not prevent substance use among US high school pupils, but those already using substances were significantly more responsive, suggesting a selective if not a universal prevention role.

STUDY 2010 HTM file
Favorable mortality profile of naltrexone implants for opiate addiction

Reece A.S.
Journal of Addictive Diseases: 2010, 29, p. 30–50.
Few treatments for opiate addiction arouse as much controversy as naltrexone implants. Inserted under the skin, these block the effects of heroin for up to several months - for some, a magic bullet, for others, an unsafe and ethically dubious experiment. More evidence from Australia that the overdose death risk is less than with oral forms of the drug.

STUDY 2012 HTM file
The role of residential rehab in an integrated treatment system

National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse.
[UK] National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, 2012.
An audit for England's National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse finds residential services so entwined with non-residential in the treatment careers of residents that it is not possible disaggregate their contribution; since a few months of such care costs as much as five years of non-residential care, showing value for money is critical.

STUDY 2009 HTM file
Naltrexone implants after in-patient treatment for opioid dependence: randomised controlled trial

Kunøe N., Lobmaier P., Vederhus J.K. et al.
British Journal of Psychiatry: 2009, 194, p. 541–546.
In the first randomised trial, implants which block opiate-type drugs for months helped heroin addicts in Norway avoid relapse after detoxification. If these or allied products gain a UK licence, they could help pave the way to abstinence for the minority of suitable addicts.

DOCUMENT 2011 HTM file
Scottish Drugs Strategy Delivery Commission: first year report & recommendations to minister

Scottish Drugs Strategy Delivery Commission.
Scottish Drugs Strategy Delivery Commission, 2011.
In its first report an independent body established by the Scottish government to monitor its drug strategy has called for concrete evidence that recovery from addiction is being pursued and achieved at national and local levels.

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